
Asthma
Asthma
Asthma is a long-term (chronic) condition that causes recurrent episodes in which the lower airways in the lungs become tight and narrow. The narrowing is caused by inflammation and tightening of the smooth muscle around the lower airways. Asthma episodes, also called asthma attacks or asthma flares, may cause coughing, making high-pitched whistling sounds when you breathe, most often when you breathe out (wheezing), shortness of breath, and chest pain. The airways may produce extra mucus caused by the inflammation and irritation. During an attack, it can be difficult to breathe. Asthma attacks can range from minor to life-threatening. Asthma cannot be cured, but medicines and lifestyle changes can help control it and treat acute attacks. It is important to keep your asthma well controlled so the condition does not interfere with your daily life.
Causes
This condition is believed to be caused by inherited (genetic) and environmental factors, but its exact cause is not known.
What can trigger an asthma attack?
Many things can bring on an asthma attack or make symptoms worse. These triggers are different for every person. Common triggers include:
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Allergens and irritants like mold, dust, pet dander, cockroaches, pollen, air pollution, and chemical odors.
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Cigarette smoke.
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Weather changes and cold air.
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Stress and strong emotional responses such as crying or laughing hard.
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Certain medications such as aspirin or beta blockers.
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Infections and inflammatory conditions, such as the flu, a cold, pneumonia, or inflammation of the nasal membranes (rhinitis).
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Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
What are the symptoms?
Symptoms may occur right after exposure to an asthma trigger or hours later and can vary by person. Common signs and symptoms include:
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Wheezing.
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Trouble breathing (shortness of breath).
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Excessive nighttime or early morning coughing.
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Chest tightness.
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Tiredness (fatigue) with minimal activity.
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Difficulty talking in complete sentences.
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Poor exercise tolerance.